–ó–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∫—Ä—ã–ª–∞—Ç—ã—Ö –≤—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–π – –ß—Ç–æ –∏–º–µ–µ–º –Ω–µ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏–º –ø–æ—Ç–µ—Ä—è–≤—à–∏ –ø–ª–∞—á–µ–º, —á—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–µ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–æ –∏ —á—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–µ –ø–ª–æ—Ö–æ, —á—Ç–æ —É–≥–æ–¥–Ω–æ –¥–ª—è –¥—É—à–∏
“–ß–∏—Ç–∞–π—Ç–µ, –∑–∞–≤–∏–¥—É–π—Ç–µ, —è – –≥—Ä–∞–∂–¥–∞–Ω–∏–Ω —Å–æ–≤–µ—Ç—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ —Å–æ—é–∑–∞“
–í—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∏–∑ —Å—Ç–∏—Ö–æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è –í. –í. –ú–∞—è–∫–æ–≤—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ “–°—Ç–∏—Ö–∏ –æ —Å–æ–≤–µ—Ç—Å–∫–æ–º –ø–∞—Å–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–µ”, 1929 –≥–æ–¥.
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –∏–∑ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã:
–ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –º—ã –∏—â–µ–º –ø–æ—ç—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ –≤—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–ª—è –≤—Å–µ–æ–±—ä–µ–º–ª—é—â–µ–≥–æ —á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –ª—é–±–≤–∏ –∫ –†–æ–¥–∏–Ω–µ, –º—ã –≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏–º: –ß–∏—Ç–∞–π—Ç–µ, –∑–∞–≤–∏–¥—É–π—Ç–µ, —è – –≥—Ä–∞–∂–¥–∞–Ω–∏–Ω –°–æ–≤–µ—Ç—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ –°–æ—é–∑–∞ (–°. –õ—å–≤–æ–≤, “–ì–ª–∞–≤–∞—Ä—å –ø–æ—ç–∑–∏–∏).
“–ß—Ç–æ –∏–º–µ–µ–º, –Ω–µ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏–º, –ø–æ—Ç–µ—Ä—è–≤—à–∏, –ø–ª–∞—á–µ–º“
–ê—Ñ–æ—Ä–∏–∑–º –ö–æ–∑—å–º—ã –ü—Ä—É—Ç–∫–æ–≤–∞, 1854 –≥–æ–¥.
–ì–æ–≤–æ—Ä—è—Ç, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –ø—Ä–∏–∑–Ω–∞—é—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∏–ª–∏ –∫–æ–≥–æ-—Ç–æ –∏–ª–∏ —á—Ç–æ-—Ç–æ –ª–∏—à—å —Ç–æ–≥–¥–∞, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –ø–æ—Ç–µ—Ä—è–ª–∏, –ª–∏—à–∏–ª–∏—Å—å –µ–≥–æ.
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –∏–∑ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã:
–õ—é–¥–∏, –ø–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–Ω–æ –∂–∏–≤—É—â–∏–µ —Å—Ä–µ–¥–∏ —à–µ–ª–∫–æ–≤–∏—Ü, –∞–∫–∞—Ü–∏–π –∏ —Ä–µ–ø–µ–π–Ω–∏–∫–∞, —Ä–∞–≤–Ω–æ–¥—É—à–Ω—ã –∫ –ø—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–¥–µ.. –ù–µ —Ü–µ–Ω—è—Ç –ª—é–¥–∏ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, —á–µ–º –±–æ–≥–∞—Ç—ã. “–ß—Ç–æ –∏–º–µ–µ–º, –Ω–µ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏–º”, –º–∞–ª–æ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, – —á—Ç–æ –∏–º–µ–µ–º, —Ç–æ–≥–æ –Ω–µ –ª—é–±–∏–º (–ê. –ß–µ—Ö–æ–≤, “–ü—Ä–∏–¥–∞–Ω–æ–µ”).
“–ß—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–µ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–æ –∏ —á—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–µ –ø–ª–æ—Ö–æ“
–ù–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å—Ç–∏—Ö–æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–ª—è –¥–µ—Ç–µ–π –í. –í. –ú–∞—è–∫–æ–≤—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ, 1925 –≥–æ–¥.
–ì–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç—Å—è –≤ —Å–∏—Ç—É–∞—Ü–∏–∏, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º–æ —Ä–∞–∑–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–∏—Ç—å –æ—Ç—Ä–∏—Ü–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ –∏ –ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ —è–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è. –í—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ —É–ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ —à—É—Ç–ª–∏–≤–æ, —Ç–∞–∫ –∫–∞–∫ –≤—Å–µ–º –∏–∑–≤–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–æ, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–æ –≤–∑—è—Ç–æ –∏–∑ –¥–µ—Ç—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ —Å—Ç–∏—Ö–æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è.
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –∏–∑ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã:
–ú–æ–∂–Ω–æ –ª–∏ –±—Ä–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –∑–∞ —Ä–µ—Ü–µ–Ω–∑–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ, –Ω–µ –∏–º–µ—è —Ç–≤—ë—Ä–¥—ã—Ö –∫—Ä–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∏–µ–≤ –¥–ª—è —Ç–æ–≥–æ, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã —Å–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–µ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–æ –∏ —á—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–µ –ø–ª–æ—Ö–æ (–°. –û–ª–µ–Ω–∏–Ω, “–î–æ—Ä–æ–≥–∞—è —Ü–µ–Ω–∞ –¥–µ—à—ë–≤—ã—Ö –∞—Ñ–æ—Ä–∏–∑–º–æ–≤”).
“–ß—Ç–æ —É–≥–æ–¥–Ω–æ –¥–ª—è –¥—É—à–∏“
–í—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∏–∑ –¥–µ—Ç—Å–∫–æ–π —Å—á–∏—Ç–∞–ª–æ—á–∫–∏ – —Å—Ç–∏—Ö–æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–º —Å–æ–ø—Ä–æ–≤–æ–∂–¥–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Ä–æ–ª–µ–π –≤ –¥–µ—Ç—Å–∫–∏—Ö –∏–≥—Ä–∞—Ö:
“–í —ç—Ç–æ–π –º–∞–ª–µ–Ω—å–∫–æ–π –∫–æ—Ä–∑–∏–Ω–∫–µ
–ï—Å—Ç—å –ø–æ–º–∞–¥–∞ –∏ –¥—É—Ö–∏,
–õ–µ–Ω—Ç—ã, –∫—Ä—É–∂–µ–≤–∞, –±–æ—Ç–∏–Ω–∫–∏,
- –ß—Ç–æ —É–≥–æ–¥–Ω–æ –¥–ª—è –¥—É—à–∏?”
“–£–≥–æ–¥–Ω–æ” – –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ, –∂–µ–ª–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ.
–°–º—ã—Å–ª: –≤—Å—ë, —á—Ç–æ –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º–æ.
–£–ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ —à—É—Ç–ª–∏–≤–æ –¥–ª—è –æ–ø–∏—Å–∞–Ω–∏—è —á–µ–≥–æ-–ª–∏–±–æ, —á—Ç–æ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–π –≤—ã–±–æ—Ä —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã—Ö –≤–µ—â–µ–π, —è–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–π.
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –∏–∑ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã:
–í —ç—Ç–æ–º —É–Ω–∏–≤–µ—Ä–º–∞–≥–µ —Å–∞–º—ã–µ —Ä–∞–∑–Ω–æ–æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–Ω—ã–µ —Ç–æ–≤–∞—Ä—ã, –∑–¥–µ—Å—å –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –Ω–∞–π—Ç–∏ –≤—Å—ë, —á—Ç–æ —É–≥–æ–¥–Ω–æ –¥–ª—è –¥—É—à–∏.
–ü–æ—Ö–æ–∂–∏–µ —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ü—ã:
1. –°–≤–µ–∂–æ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–∞–Ω–∏–µ, –∞ –≤–µ—Ä–∏—Ç—Å—è —Å —Ç—Ä—É–¥–æ–º
2. –° –∫–æ—Ä–∞–±–ª—è –Ω–∞ –±–∞–ª
3. –†–∞—Å—Ç–µ–∫–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –º—ã—Å–ª—å—é –ø–æ –¥—Ä–µ–≤—É
4. –ü—É—Ç–µ–≤–∫–∞ –≤ –∂–∏–∑–Ω—å
5. –ü–æ–¥–ø–∏—Å–∞–Ω–æ, —Ç–∞–∫ —Å –ø–ª–µ—á –¥–æ–ª–æ–π