–ó–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∫—Ä—ã–ª–∞—Ç—ã—Ö –≤—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–π – –ë–∏—Ç–≤–∞ –Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–æ–≤, –ë–∏—Ç–≤–∞ —Ä—É—Å—Å–∫–∏—Ö —Å –∫–∞–±–∞—Ä–¥–∏–Ω—Ü–∞–º–∏, –ë–ª–∞–≥–∏–º–∏ –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è–º–∏ –∞–¥ –≤—ã–º–æ—â–µ–Ω, –ë–ª–∞–≥–æ–≥–ª—É–ø–æ—Å—Ç–∏

“–ë–∏—Ç–≤–∞ –Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–æ–≤“

–≠—Ç–æ –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –∏—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–π –±–∏—Ç–≤—ã –ø–æ–¥ –õ–µ–π–ø—Ü–∏–≥–æ–º, –≤—ã–∏–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–π –≤–æ–π—Å–∫–∞–º–∏ –∫–æ–∞–ª–∏—Ü–∏–∏ —É –ù–∞–ø–æ–ª–µ–æ–Ω–∞ –≤ –æ–∫—Ç—è–±—Ä–µ 1813 –≥–æ–¥–∞, –ø—Ä–∏–Ω–∞–¥–ª–µ–∂–∏—Ç –ø–æ–ª–∫–æ–≤–Ω–∏–∫—É –ø—Ä—É—Å—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ –≥–µ–Ω–µ—Ä–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ–≥–æ —à—Ç–∞–±–∞ –±–∞—Ä–æ–Ω—É –ú—é—Ñ–ª–∏–Ω–≥—É. –û—á–µ–≤–∏–¥–µ—Ü —Å—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è –ø–µ—Ä–µ–¥–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ 16 –æ–∫—Ç—è–±—Ä—è –∫ –õ–µ–π–ø—Ü–∏–≥—É –º–æ—â–Ω—ã–º –ø–æ—Ç–æ–∫–æ–º –¥–≤–∏–Ω—É–ª–∏—Å—å —Å–æ—é–∑–Ω—ã–µ –∞—Ä–º–∏–∏. –ü—Ä–∏—Å—É—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–∏–µ –±—ã–ª–∏ –∑–∞—Ö–≤–∞—á–µ–Ω—ã –Ω–µ–æ–±—ã—á–Ω—ã–º –∑—Ä–µ–ª–∏—â–µ–º, –ø–æ—Ö–æ–¥–∏–≤—à–∏–º –Ω–∞ –≤–µ–ª–∏–∫–æ–µ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Å–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–æ–≤. –í —ç—Ç–æ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è –ú—é—Ñ–ª–∏–Ω–≥ –∏ –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–ª –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–æ—è—â–µ–µ —Å—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ “–≤–µ–ª–∏–∫–æ–π –±–∏—Ç–≤–æ–π –Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–æ–≤”. –ù–∞–∏–º–µ–Ω–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ —ç—Ç–æ –≤–æ—à–ª–æ –≤ –∏—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–∏—é (Stef-fens, Was ich erlebte).
–ö—Ä—ã–ª–∞—Ç–æ–µ –≤—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ —ç—Ç–æ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–∏–Ω–∞–¥–ª–µ–∂–∏—Ç –ú—é—Ñ–ª–∏–Ω–≥—É. –ü–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –±—ã–ª –∞–≤—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º –¥–æ–Ω–µ—Å–µ–Ω–∏—è –ø—Ä—É—Å—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ –≥–µ–Ω–µ—Ä–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ–≥–æ —à—Ç–∞–±–∞ –æ—Ç 19 –æ–∫—Ç—è–±—Ä—è 1813 –≥–æ–¥–∞, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –∫–æ–Ω—á–∞–ª–æ—Å—å —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞–º–∏: “–¢–∞–∫ —á–µ—Ç—ã—Ä–µ—Ö–¥–Ω–µ–≤–Ω–∞—è –±–∏—Ç–≤–∞ –Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–æ–≤ –ø–æ–¥ –õ–µ–π–ø—Ü–∏–≥–æ–º —Ä–µ—à–∏–ª–∞ —Å—É–¥—å–±—É –º–∏—Ä–∞”. –ù–∞—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –±—ã—Å—Ç—Ä–æ –≤—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ —ç—Ç–æ –≤–æ—à–ª–æ –≤ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä–Ω—É—é —Ä–µ—á—å, –≤–∏–¥–Ω–æ –∏–∑ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, —á—Ç–æ –≤ –∏–∑–¥–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–º –≤ –Ω–æ—è–±—Ä–µ 1813 –≥–æ–¥–∞ “–ü–ª–∞–Ω–µ –∏ –æ–±—ä—è—Å–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –≤–µ–ª–∏–∫–æ–π –±–∏—Ç–≤—ã –ø–æ–¥ –õ–µ–π–ø—Ü–∏–≥–æ–º” –≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç—Å—è, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∞ –ø–æ —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤—É —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ “–ø–æ –ø—Ä–∞–≤—É –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∞ –±–∏—Ç–≤–æ–π –Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–æ–≤” (Gombert, Ober das Alter einiger Schlagworte… Breslau, 1903). –ü–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–Ω–æ –≤—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ–Ω—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –∫–æ –≤—Å—è–∫–æ–º—É –∏—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–º—É –¥–≤–∏–∂–µ–Ω–∏—é, –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –≤–æ–≤–ª–µ—á–µ–Ω—ã —à–∏—Ä–æ–∫–∏–µ –Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–Ω—ã–µ –º–∞—Å—Å—ã.
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä—ã –∏–∑ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã:
–û—Ö–≤–∞—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –≥–æ—Ä—è—á–∏–º –ø–∞—Ç—Ä–∏–æ—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–º —á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–æ–º, –ë–∞—Ç—é—à–∫–æ–≤ —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç—Å—è –≤ —Ä—è–¥—ã –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—É–ø–∞—é—â–µ–π —Ä—É—Å—Å–∫–æ–π –∞—Ä–º–∏–∏, —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –≤–æ –º–Ω–æ–≥–∏—Ö –±–æ—è—Ö; –≤ —Ç–æ–º —á–∏—Å–ª–µ –≤ “–±–∏—Ç–≤–µ –Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–æ–≤” –ø–æ–¥ –õ–µ–π–ø—Ü–∏–≥–æ–º (–ö. –ù. –ë–∞—Ç—é—à–∫–æ–≤, –°—Ç–∏—Ö–æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è, –í—Å—Ç—É–ø–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–∞—è —Å—Ç–∞—Ç—å—è –ì. –°. –ß–µ—Ä–µ–º–∏–Ω–∞, –ú. 1949, —Å. 6).
–ï–≥–æ (–ê. –ù. –¢–æ–ª—Å—Ç–æ–≥–æ) –≥–µ—Ä–æ–∏, —Å –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–º–∏ –æ–Ω —Å–∂–∏–ª—Å—è –∑–∞ –≥–æ–¥—ã —Ç—Ä—É–¥–∞ –Ω–∞–¥ –∫—Ä—É–ø–Ω–µ–π—à–∏–º–∏ —Å–≤–æ–∏–º–∏ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏—è–º–∏, ‚Äî –ò–≤–∞–Ω –ò–ª—å–∏—á –¢–µ–ª–µ–≥–∏–Ω, –í–∞–¥–∏–º –ü–µ—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∏—á –†–æ—â–∏–Ω, –ö–∞—Ç—è –∏ –î–∞—à–∞ –ë—É–ª–∞–≤–∏–Ω—ã, –ø–æ–¥—Ö–≤–∞—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –ø–æ—Ç–æ–∫–æ–º —Ä–µ–≤–æ–ª—é—Ü–∏–∏, –æ–∫–∞–∑–∞–ª–∏—Å—å –≤–æ–≤–ª–µ—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≤ –≤–µ–ª–∏–∫—É—é –±–∏—Ç–≤—É –Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–æ–≤ –∑–∞ —Å–æ—Ü–∏–∞–ª–∏–∑–º. –ò –¥–ª—è –ø–∏—Å–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è –∏ –¥–ª—è –≥–µ—Ä–æ–µ–≤, –±–ª–∏–∑–∫–∏—Ö –µ–≥–æ —Å–µ—Ä–¥—Ü—É, –æ—Ç–∫—Ä—ã–ª–∞—Å—å –Ω–æ–≤–∞—è, —è—Å–Ω–∞—è –ø–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–∞ (–Æ. –ê–∫–∏–º–æ–≤, “–°—É–¥—å–±–∞ –ø–∏—Å–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è”, “–õ–∏—Ç. –≥–∞–∑,”, 10 —è–Ω–≤–∞—Ä—è 1953 –≥–æ–¥–∞).

“–ë–∏—Ç–≤–∞ —Ä—É—Å—Å–∫–∏—Ö —Å –∫–∞–±–∞—Ä–¥–∏–Ω—Ü–∞–º–∏“

–í—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ, —É–ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–ª—è—é—â–µ–µ—Å—è, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –Ω–∞—Å–º–µ—à–ª–∏–≤–æ –≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç—Å—è –æ —Å—Å–æ—Ä–µ, —à—É–º–µ –∏ –ø—Ä., –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–ª–æ –ø–æ –∑–∞–≥–ª–∞–≤–∏—é –ª—É–±–æ—á–Ω–æ–π –ø–æ–≤–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –ù. –ó—Ä—è—Ö–æ–≤–∞ “–ë–∏—Ç–≤–∞ —Ä—É—Å—Å–∫–∏—Ö —Å –∫–∞–±–∞—Ä–¥–∏–Ω—Ü–∞–º–∏, –∏–ª–∏ –ü—Ä–µ–∫—Ä–∞—Å–Ω–∞—è –º–∞–≥–æ–º–µ—Ç–∞–Ω–∫–∞, —É–º–∏—Ä–∞—é—â–∞—è –Ω–∞ –≥—Ä–æ–±–µ —Å–≤–æ–µ–≥–æ —Å—É–ø—Ä—É–≥–∞”. –ü–æ–≤–µ—Å—Ç—å —ç—Ç–∞, –≤—ã—à–µ–¥—à–∞—è –≤ 1840 –≥–æ–¥—É, –≤—ã–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞–ª–∞ –∑–∞—Ç–µ–º –º–Ω–æ–∂–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∏–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏–π.

“–ë–ª–∞–≥–∏–º–∏ (–¥–æ–±—Ä—ã–º–∏) –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è–º–∏ –∞–¥ –≤—ã–º–æ—â–µ–Ω“

–í—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ø—Ä–∏–ø–∏—Å—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –∞–Ω–≥–ª–∏–π—Å–∫–æ–º—É –ø–∏—Å–∞—Ç–µ–ª—é –î–∂–æ–Ω—Å–æ–Ω—É (1709‚Äî1784). –ë–∏–æ–≥—Ä–∞—Ñ –µ–≥–æ, –ë–æ—Å–≤–µ–ª–ª, —Ä–∞—Å—Å–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –≤ 1775 –≥–æ–¥—É –î–∂–æ–Ω—Å–æ–Ω —Å–∫–∞–∑–∞–ª: “Hell is paved with good intentions” ‚Äî “–ê–¥ –≤—ã–º–æ—â–µ–Ω –¥–æ–±—Ä—ã–º–∏ –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è–º–∏”. –í–∞–ª—å—Ç–µ—Ä –°–∫–æ—Ç—Ç –≤ —Ä–æ–º–∞–Ω–µ “–õ–∞–º–µ—Ä–º—É—Ä—Å–∫–∞—è –Ω–µ–≤–µ—Å—Ç–∞” (1819), —á–∞—Å—Ç—å 1, –≥–ª–∞–≤–∞ 7, –ø—Ä–∏–ø–∏—Å—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç —ç—Ç–æ –∏–∑—Ä–µ—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–º—É –∏–∑ –∞–Ω–≥–ª–∏–π—Å–∫–∏—Ö –±–æ–≥–æ—Å–ª–æ–≤–æ–≤. –î–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ, –î–∂–æ—Ä–¥–∂ –ì–µ—Ä–±–µ—Ä—Ç (—É–º. 1632) –≤ –∫–Ω–∏–≥–µ “Jacula prudentum” –≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç: “Hell is full of good meaning and wishings” ‚Äî “–ê–¥ –ø–æ–ª–æ–Ω –¥–æ–±—Ä—ã–º–∏ –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è–º–∏ –∏ –∂–µ–ª–∞–Ω–∏—è–º–∏” (Biichmann, Gefliigelte Worte).
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä—ã –∏–∑ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã:
‚Äî….—è –º–æ–≥—É –∏–º–µ—Ç—å, –Ω–∞–∫–æ–Ω–µ—Ü, –¥–æ–±—Ä—ã–µ –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è… ‚Äî –î–æ–±—Ä—ã–µ –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è! –ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å. –î–æ–±—Ä—ã–º–∏ –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è–º–∏, –≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä—è—Ç, –≤–µ—Å—å –∞–¥ –≤—ã–º–æ—â–µ–Ω (–ù. –°. –õ–µ—Å–∫–æ–≤, “–û—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∏—Ç—è–Ω–µ”).
–ë–ª–∞–≥–∏–º–∏ –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è–º–∏ –≤—ã–º–æ—â–µ–Ω –∞–¥, –∏ –≤ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ –±–ª–∞–≥–∏–µ –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è –Ω–µ —Å–ø–∞—Å–∞—é—Ç –µ—â–µ –æ—Ç —Å—Ç–∏—Ö–∏–π–Ω–æ–≥–æ –≤–ª–µ—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –ø–æ “–ª–∏–Ω–∏–∏ –Ω–∞–∏–º–µ–Ω—å—à–µ–≥–æ —Å–æ–ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è”, –ø–æ –ª–∏–Ω–∏–∏ —á–∏—Å—Ç–æ –±—É—Ä–∂—É–∞–∑–Ω–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã “Credo” (–í. –ò. –õ–µ–Ω–∏–Ω, “–ß—Ç–æ –¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å?” –°–æ—á., —Ç. 5, —Å. 388‚Äî389).
–ü–ª–µ—Ö–∞–Ω–æ–≤—Å–∫–æ–µ –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–∞–≥–∞–µ–º–æ–π –∏–º —Ç–∞–∫—Ç–∏–∫–∏ –Ω–µ —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏. –ü–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É –±–ª–∞–≥–∏–µ –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è –ü–ª–µ—Ö–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∞ —Å–ª—É–∂–∞—Ç –ª–∏—à—å –∫ –º–æ—â–µ–Ω–∏—é –∞–¥–∞ (–í. –ò. –õ–µ–Ω–∏–Ω, “–ü–æ–±–µ–¥–∞ –∫–∞–¥–µ—Ç–æ–≤ –∏ –∑–∞–¥–∞—á–∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—á–µ–π –ø–∞—Ä—Ç–∏–∏”, –°–æ—á., —Ç. 10, —Å. 185).

“–ë–ª–∞–≥–æ–≥–ª—É–ø–æ—Å—Ç–∏“

–°–ª–æ–≤–æ, –≤–æ—à–µ–¥—à–µ–µ –≤ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä–Ω—É—é —Ä–µ—á—å –∏–∑ —Å–æ—á–∏–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–π –ú. –ï. –°–∞–ª—Ç—ã–∫–æ–≤–∞-–©–µ–¥—Ä–∏–Ω–∞: “–ù–µ–≤–∏–Ω–Ω—ã–µ —Ä–∞—Å—Å–∫–∞–∑—ã. –î–µ—Ä–µ–≤–µ–Ω—Å–∫–∞—è —Ç–∏—à—å” (1865), “–ó–∞ —Ä—É–±–µ–∂–æ–º” (1880). –£–ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–∏: –ø—É—Å—Ç—è–∫–∏, –≤—ã–¥–∞–≤–∞–µ–º—ã–µ –∑–∞ —Å–µ—Ä—å–µ–∑–Ω–æ–µ –¥–µ–ª–æ, –≥–ª—É–ø–æ—Å—Ç—å, –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º–∞—è —Å –≤–∞–∂–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å—é.
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –∏–∑ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã:
–ù–∞–∫–∏–¥—ã–≤–∞–ª–∏—Å—å –ª–∏ –æ–Ω–∏ (—Å–æ—Ü–∏–∞–ª-–¥–µ–º–æ–∫—Ä–∞—Ç—ã) –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞-–Ω–∏–±—É–¥—å –Ω–∞ –Ω–∞—Å–ª–µ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ, –∑–∞–≤–µ—â–∞–≤—à–µ–µ –Ω–∞–º –µ–≤—Ä–æ–ø–µ–π—Å–∫–∏–µ –∏–¥–µ–∞–ª—ã –≤–æ–æ–±—â–µ? ‚Äî –ù–µ —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –Ω–µ –Ω–∞–∫–∏–¥—ã–≤–∞–ª–∏—Å—å, –∞, –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤, –Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∏–∑–æ–±–ª–∏—á–∞–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–æ –æ–±—â–µ–µ–≤—Ä–æ–ø–µ–π—Å–∫–∏—Ö –∏–¥–µ–∞–ª–æ–≤ —Å–æ—á–∏–Ω—è—é—Ç –ø–æ –º–Ω–æ–≥–∏–º –≤–µ—Å—å–º–∞ –≤–∞–∂–Ω—ã–º –≤–æ–ø—Ä–æ—Å–∞–º –≤—Å—è–∫–∏–µ —Å–∞–º–æ–±—ã—Ç–Ω—ã–µ –±–ª–∞–≥–æ–≥–ª—É–ø–æ—Å—Ç–∏ (–í. –ò. –õ–µ–Ω–∏–Ω, “–û—Ç –∫–∞–∫–æ–≥–æ –Ω–∞—Å–ª–µ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –º—ã –æ—Ç–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ–º—Å—è”, –°–æ—á., —Ç. 2, —Å. 495).

“–ë–ª–∞–≥–æ–¥–∞—Ä—é, –Ω–µ –æ–∂–∏–¥–∞–ª…“

–í—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ —É–ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–∏: –Ω–µ –æ–∂–∏–¥–∞–ª —Ç–∞–∫–æ–≥–æ —Å—é—Ä–ø—Ä–∏–∑–∞. –ö–∞–∫ –ø–∏—à–µ—Ç –≤ —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö –≤–æ—Å–ø–æ–º–∏–Ω–∞–Ω–∏—è—Ö –í. –í. –î–∞–≤—ã–¥–æ–≤ (“–ò–∑ –ø—Ä–æ—à–ª–æ–≥–æ”, –ú. 1914, —Å. 136), –æ–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–∏–Ω–∞–¥–ª–µ–∂–∏—Ç –í. –ê. –°–æ–ª–ª–æ–≥—É–±—É (1814‚Äî1882), –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π “–±—ã–ª –æ—á–µ–Ω—å —Ü–µ–Ω–∏–º –º–æ—Å–∫–æ–≤—Å–∫–∏–º –æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ–º, –ø–æ–≤—Ç–æ—Ä—è–≤—à–∏–º –µ–≥–æ –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ—Ç—ã –∏ bons mots, –≤—Ä–æ–¥–µ —Å—Ç–∞–≤—à–µ–≥–æ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–º “–±–ª–∞–≥–æ–¥–∞—Ä—é, –Ω–µ –æ–∂–∏–¥–∞–ª”, ‚Äî —Ñ—Ä–∞–∑—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ—é –∫–æ–Ω—á–∞–ª–∞—Å—å –∫–∞–∂–¥–∞—è —Å—Ç—Ä–æ—Ñ–∞ –¥–ª–∏–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∏ –≤—Å–µ –Ω–∞—Ä–∞—Å—Ç–∞–≤—à–µ–≥–æ —Å—Ç–∏—Ö–æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è, —Å–∫–∞–∑–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∏–º –≤–ø–µ—Ä–≤—ã–µ —ç–∫—Å–ø—Ä–æ–º—Ç–æ–º” (–≤ 60-—Ö –≥–æ–¥–∞—Ö).
–û–± —ç—Ç–æ–º –∂–µ —É–ø–æ–º–∏–Ω–∞–µ—Ç –≤ —Å–≤–æ–µ–º –¥–Ω–µ–≤–Ω–∏–∫–µ –í. –§. –û–¥–æ–µ–≤—Å–∫–∏–π ‚Äî –∑–∞–ø–∏—Å—å 2 —è–Ω–≤–∞—Ä—è 1869 –≥–æ–¥–∞ (“–õ–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä–Ω–æ–µ –Ω–∞—Å–ª–µ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ”, —Ç. 22‚Äî24, 1935 –≥,, —Å. 251). –°–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç –æ—Ç–º–µ—Ç–∏—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ –∫–∞–∂–¥–∞—è —Å—Ç—Ä–æ—Ñ–∞ —à—É—Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∏ —Ç–æ–∂–µ –¥–ª–∏–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Å—Ç–∏—Ö–æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è –ü. –ê. –í—è–∑–µ–º—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ “–ò–ª—å–∏–Ω—Å–∫–∏–µ —Å–ø–ª–µ—Ç–Ω–∏” (1869) –∫–æ–Ω—á–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è —Ñ—Ä–∞–∑–æ–π “–ë–ª–∞–≥–æ–¥–∞—Ä—é, –Ω–µ –æ–∂–∏–¥–∞–ª”. –≠—Ç–æ—Ç –∂–µ —Ä–µ—Ñ—Ä–µ–Ω –∏ –≤ –¥–≤—É—Ö –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏—Ö —Å—Ç–∏—Ö–æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è—Ö –í—è–∑–µ–º—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ: “–¶–∞—Ä—Å–∫–æ—Å–µ–ª—å—Å–∫–∏–µ —Å–ø–ª–µ—Ç–Ω–∏” –∏ “–°–ª—É—Ö–∏ –∏–∑ –õ–∏–≤–∞–¥–∏–∏” (–ü–æ–ª–Ω. —Å–æ–±—Ä. —Å–æ—á. –ü. –ê. –í—è–∑–µ–º—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ, —Ç. XII, –°–ü–ë. 1896, —Å. 420‚Äî429).
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –∏–∑ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã:
“–¢–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –±—ã –æ–Ω (–ø–æ–¥–∫–∏–Ω—É—Ç—ã–π —Ä–µ–±–µ–Ω–æ–∫) —É –º–µ–Ω—è –Ω–µ —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–µ–≤–µ–ª—Å—è –∏ –Ω–µ –≤—ã–≤–∞–ª–∏–ª—Å—è –∏–∑ —É–∑–ª–∞, ‚Äî –¥—É–º–∞–ª –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∂—Å–∫–∏–π –∞—Å–µ—Å—Å–æ—Ä. ‚Äî –í–æ—Ç —É–∂ –∏–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ: –±–ª–∞–≥–æ–¥–∞—Ä—é, –Ω–µ –æ–∂–∏–¥–∞–ª” (–ê. –ü. –ß–µ—Ö–æ–≤, “–ë–µ–∑–∑–∞–∫–æ–Ω–∏–µ”).