Краевед Самара

–ó–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∫—Ä—ã–ª–∞—Ç—ã—Ö –≤—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–π – –õ—É—á—à–µ–µ ‚Äî –≤—Ä–∞–≥ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–µ–≥–æ, –õ—é–±–æ–≤–Ω—ã–π —Ç—Ä–µ—É–≥–æ–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫, –õ—é–±–æ–≤—å –∏ –≥–æ–ª–æ–¥ –ø—Ä–∞–≤—è—Ç –º–∏—Ä–æ–º, –õ—é–¥–∏ –±—É–¥—å—Ç–µ –±–¥–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã, –õ—é–¥–∏ –¥–æ–±—Ä–æ–π –≤–æ–ª–∏

–û–ø—É–±–ª–∏–∫–æ–≤–∞–Ω–æ 17 –ú–∞–π 2020 –æ—Ç –ê–ª–µ–∫—Å

“–õ—É—á—à–µ–µ ‚Äî –≤—Ä–∞–≥ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–µ–≥–æ“

–í—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ —ç—Ç–æ —Å—Ç–∞–ª–æ –∫—Ä—ã–ª–∞—Ç—ã–º –±–ª–∞–≥–æ–¥–∞—Ä—è –í–æ–ª—å—Ç–µ—Ä—É, —É –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–≥–æ –æ–Ω–æ –≤—Å—Ç—Ä–µ—á–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ “–ñ–µ–º–∞–Ω–Ω–∏—Ü–µ” (“La begueule”) –∏ –≤ “–§–∏–ª–æ—Å–æ—Ñ—Å–∫–æ–º —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ”, –≤ —Å—Ç–∞—Ç—å–µ “Art dramatiq’ue”.
–û—á–µ–≤–∏–¥–Ω–æ, –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–∞–Ω–æ –æ–Ω–æ –Ω–∞ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä–æ–π –ø–æ–≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∫–µ. –¢–∞–∫, –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, –æ–Ω–æ –≤—Å—Ç—Ä–µ—á–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ –∏—Ç–∞–ª—å—è–Ω—Å–∫–æ–º –∫–æ–º–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞—Ä–∏–∏ 1574 –≥–æ–¥–∞ –ú. –î–∂–∏–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω–∏ –∫ “–î–µ–∫–∞–º–µ—Ä–æ–Ω—É” –ë–æ–∫–∫–∞—á—á–æ. –£ –®–µ–∫—Å–ø–∏—Ä–∞ –≤ —Ç—Ä–∞–≥–µ–¥–∏–∏ “–ö–æ—Ä–æ–ª—å –õ–∏—Ä” –µ—Å—Ç—å —Ñ—Ä–∞–∑–∞: “–°—Ç—Ä–µ–º—è—Å—å –∫ –ª—É—á—à–µ–º—É, –º—ã —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏–º —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–µ–µ”. –í—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ —Ü–∏—Ç–∏—Ä—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø–æ-—Ñ—Ä–∞–Ω—Ü—É–∑—Å–∫–∏: “Le mieux est i’ennemi du bien”.

“–õ—é–±–æ–≤–Ω—ã–π —Ç—Ä–µ—É–≥–æ–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫“

–í—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ —ç—Ç–æ —É–ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–∏: —Å—É–ø—Ä—É–∂–µ—Å–∫–∞—è –ø–∞—Ä–∞ –∏ —Ç—Ä–µ—Ç—å–µ –ª–∏—Ü–æ (–ª—é–±–æ–≤–Ω–∏–∫, –ª—é–±–æ–≤–Ω–∏—Ü–∞). –í —Å–µ–º–µ–π–Ω–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º–∞—Ç–∏–∫–µ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã 19 –≤–µ–∫–∞ —Ç–µ–º–∞ “–ª—é–±–æ–≤–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Ç—Ä–µ—É–≥–æ–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫–∞” –∑–∞–Ω–∏–º–∞–ª–∞ –æ–¥–Ω–æ –∏–∑ –≤–∏–¥–Ω—ã—Ö –º–µ—Å—Ç. –ì–µ–Ω—Ä–∏–∫ –ò–±—Å–µ–Ω (1828‚Äî1906) –∑–∞—Ç—Ä–æ–Ω—É–ª –µ–µ –≤ –¥—Ä–∞–º–µ “–ì–µ–¥–¥–∞ –ì–∞–±–ª–µ—Ä” (1890), –∫ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–π –≤—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ —ç—Ç–æ –∏ –≤–æ—Å—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç. –í –¥—Ä–∞–º–µ (–¥. 2, —è–≤–ª. 1) –º–µ–∂–¥—É –ì–µ–¥–¥–æ–π –∏ –∞—Å–µ—Å—Å–æ—Ä–æ–º –ë—Ä–∞–∫–æ–º –ø—Ä–æ–∏—Å—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–π –¥–∏–∞–ª–æ–≥: “–ë—Ä–∞–∫. –í—Å–µ, —á–µ–≥–æ —è —Ö–æ—á—É, —ç—Ç–æ –∏–º–µ—Ç—å —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–∏–π, –ø—Ä–µ–¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–π –∫—Ä—É–≥ –±–ª–∏–∑–∫–∏—Ö –¥—Ä—É–∑–µ–π, –≥–¥–µ —è –º–æ–≥ –±—ã —Å–ª—É–∂–∏—Ç—å —Å–ª–æ–≤–æ–º –∏ –¥–µ–ª–æ–º –∏ –∏–º–µ—Ç—å –≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å –∏ —É—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å, –∫–∞–∫ –∏—Å–ø—ã—Ç–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–π –¥—Ä—É–≥. –ì–µ–¥–¥–∞. –•–æ–∑—è–∏–Ω–∞ –¥–æ–º–∞, —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ —Å–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç—å? –ë—Ä–∞–∫ (–∫–ª–∞–Ω—è–µ—Ç—Å—è). –û—Ç–∫—Ä–æ–≤–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä—è, ‚Äî –ª—É—á—à–µ —Ö–æ–∑—è–π–∫–∏. –ê –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º –∏ —Ö–æ–∑—è–∏–Ω–∞, —Ä–∞–∑—É–º–µ–µ—Ç—Å—è… —Ç–∞–∫–æ–π-—Ç–æ —Ç—Ä–µ—É–≥–æ–ª—å–Ω—ã–π —Å–æ—é–∑ –≤ —Å—É—â–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ ‚Äî –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–µ —É–¥–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤–æ –¥–ª—è –≤—Å–µ—Ö —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω. –ì–µ–¥–¥–∞. –î–∞, –º–Ω–µ –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Ä–∞–∑ –Ω–µ–¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∞–ª–æ —Ç—Ä–µ—Ç—å–µ–≥–æ…” ‘–ü—Ä–∏ –ø–æ—è–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –º—É–∂–∞ –ì–µ–¥–¥—ã –∞—Å–µ—Å—Å–æ—Ä –ë—Ä–∞–∫ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç: “–¢—Ä–µ—É–≥–æ–ª—å–Ω–∏–∫ –∑–∞–º—ã–∫–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è”.

“–õ—é–±–æ–≤—å –∏ –≥–æ–ª–æ–¥ –ø—Ä–∞–≤—è—Ç –º–∏—Ä–æ–º“

–ó–∞–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–∞—è —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∞ —Å—Ç–∏—Ö–æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è –®–∏–ª–ª–µ—Ä–∞ “–ú–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—è –º—É–¥—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—å” (1795).
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä—ã –∏–∑ –ª–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã:
‚Äî “–õ—é–±–æ–≤—å –∏ –≥–æ–ª–æ–¥ –ø—Ä–∞–≤—è—Ç –º–∏—Ä–æ–º”, –∏ –º—ã –≤—Å–µ –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è–µ–º –ø–æ–≤–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —ç—Ç–∏—Ö –¥–≤—É—Ö –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–∏–ª (–ú. –ì–æ—Ä—å–∫–∏–π, “–ñ–∏–∑–Ω—å –ö–ª–∏–º–∞ –°–∞–º–≥–∏–Ω–∞”).

“–õ—é–¥–∏, –±—É–¥—å—Ç–µ –±–¥–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã“

25 –∞–≤–≥—É—Å—Ç–∞ 1943 –≥–æ–¥–∞ –Ω–∞—Ü–∏—Å—Ç—Å–∫–∏–π —Å—É–¥ –≤ –ë–µ—Ä–ª–∏–Ω–µ –ø—Ä–∏–≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏–ª –∫ —Å–º–µ—Ä—Ç–Ω–æ–π –∫–∞–∑–Ω–∏ –ø–∞—Ç—Ä–∏–æ—Ç–∞ –ß–µ—Ö–æ—Å–ª–æ–≤–∞–∫–∏–∏ ‚Äî –ø–∏—Å–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è-–∫–æ–º–º—É–Ω–∏—Å—Ç–∞ –Æ–ª–∏—É—Å–∞ –§—É—á–∏–∫–∞. –ö–∞–∑–Ω—å —Å–æ–≤–µ—Ä—à–∏–ª–∞—Å—å —Ç–∞–º –∂–µ 8 —Å–µ–Ω—Ç—è–±—Ä—è 1943 –≥–æ–¥–∞. –°–∏–¥—è –≤ —Ç—é—Ä—å–º–µ –≤ –ü–∞–Ω–∫—Ä–∞—Ü–µ, –§—É—á–∏–∫ –ø–∏—Å–∞–ª —Å–≤–æ—é –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω—é—é –∫–Ω–∏–≥—É. –ó–∞–∫–æ–Ω—á–∏–ª –æ–Ω –µ–µ 9 –∏—é–Ω—è 1943 –≥–æ–¥–∞. –¢—é—Ä–µ–º–Ω—ã–π –Ω–∞–¥–∑–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å –ê. –ö–æ–ª–∏–Ω—Å–∫–∏–π –ø—Ä–∏–Ω–æ—Å–∏–ª –≤ –∫–∞–º–µ—Ä—É –±—É–º–∞–≥—É –∏ –∫–∞—Ä–∞–Ω–¥–∞—à, –∞ –∏—Å–ø–∏—Å–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –ª–∏—Å—Ç–∫–∏ —Ç–∞–π–Ω–æ –≤—ã–Ω–æ—Å–∏–ª –∏–∑ —Ç—é—Ä—å–º—ã –∏ –ø—Ä—è—Ç–∞–ª –ø–æ—Ä–æ–∑–Ω—å —É –ø—Ä–µ–¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –§—É—á–∏–∫—É –ª–∏—Ü. –ì—É—Å—Ç–∞ –§—É—á–∏–∫–æ–≤–∞, –∂–µ–Ω–∞ –∫–∞–∑–Ω–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ, –≤—ã–π–¥—è –∏–∑ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –≥–µ—Å—Ç–∞–ø–æ –≤ –º–∞–µ 1945 –≥–æ–¥–∞, —Å–æ–±—Ä–∞–ª–∞ —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–∫–∏ —Ä—É–∫–æ–ø–∏—Å–∏ –∏ –∏–∑–¥–∞–ª–∞ –µ–µ –≤ –ü—Ä–∞–≥–µ –≤ 1946 –≥–æ–¥—É. –†—É—Å—Å–∫–∏–π –ø–µ—Ä–µ–≤–æ–¥ –∫–Ω–∏–≥–∏, –æ–∑–∞–≥–ª–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π “–°–ª–æ–≤–æ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–¥ –∫–∞–∑–Ω—å—é”, –≤—ã—à–µ–ª –≤ 1947 –≥–æ–¥—É. –ü–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω—è—è –≥–ª–∞–≤–∞ –∫–Ω–∏–≥–∏ –∑–∞–∫–∞–Ω—á–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞–º–∏, —Å—Ç–∞–≤—à–∏–º–∏ –∫—Ä—ã–ª–∞—Ç—ã–º–∏: “–õ—é–¥–∏, —è –ª—é–±–∏–ª –≤–∞—Å, –±—É–¥—å—Ç–µ –±–¥–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã!”

“–õ—é–¥–∏ –¥–æ–±—Ä–æ–π –≤–æ–ª–∏“

–í—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ, —Å—Ç–∞–≤—à–µ–µ –∫—Ä—ã–ª–∞—Ç—ã–º –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –æ–ø—É–±–ª–∏–∫–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –í–æ–∑–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è, –ø—Ä–∏–Ω—è—Ç–æ–≥–æ 19 –º–∞—Ä—Ç–∞ 1950 –≥–æ–¥–∞ –≤ –°—Ç–æ–∫–≥–æ–ª—å–º–µ —Ç—Ä–µ—Ç—å–µ–π —Å–µ—Å—Å–∏–µ–π –ü–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∫–æ–º–∏—Ç–µ—Ç–∞ –í—Å–µ–º–∏—Ä–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∫–æ–Ω–≥—Ä–µ—Å—Å–∞ —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –º–∏—Ä–∞ (“–°—Ç–æ–∫–≥–æ–ª—å–º—Å–∫–æ–µ –≤–æ–∑–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ”): “–ú—ã —Ç—Ä–µ–±—É–µ–º –±–µ–∑—É—Å–ª–æ–≤–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∑–∞–ø—Ä–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏—è –∞—Ç–æ–º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ—Ä—É–∂–∏—è –∫–∞–∫ –æ—Ä—É–∂–∏—è —É—Å—Ç—Ä–∞—à–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏ –º–∞—Å—Å–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ —É–Ω–∏—á—Ç–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è –ª—é–¥–µ–π. –ú—ã —Ç—Ä–µ–±—É–µ–º —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≥–æ–≥–æ –º–µ–∂–¥—É–Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∫–æ–Ω—Ç—Ä–æ–ª—è –∑–∞ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ —Ä–µ—à–µ–Ω–∏—è. –ú—ã —Å—á–∏—Ç–∞–µ–º, —á—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å—Å—Ç–≤–æ, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –ø–µ—Ä–≤—ã–º –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤ –∫–∞–∫–æ–π-–ª–∏–±–æ —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—ã –∞—Ç–æ–º–Ω–æ–µ –æ—Ä—É–∂–∏–µ, —Å–æ–≤–µ—Ä—à–∏—Ç –ø—Ä–µ—Å—Ç—É–ø–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤ —á–µ–ª–æ–≤–µ—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –∏ –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω–æ —Ä–∞—Å—Å–º–∞—Ç—Ä–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –∫–∞–∫ –≤–æ–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –ø—Ä–µ—Å—Ç—É–ø–Ω–∏–∫. –ú—ã –ø—Ä–∏–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ–º –≤—Å–µ—Ö –ª—é–¥–µ–π –¥–æ–±—Ä–æ–π –≤–æ–ª–∏ –≤—Å–µ–≥–æ –º–∏—Ä–∞ –ø–æ–¥–ø–∏—Å–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ –≤–æ–∑–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ”.